According to Menon, this was necessary because Indian and Chinese patrols were contacting more frequently in the mid-1980s after the government formed a China Study Group in 1976 to revise patrol boundaries, rules of engagement, and the model of Indian presence along the border. As tensions between India and China continue along the Line of Effective Control (LAC), a look at what the line means on the ground and disagreements over it: During my visit, the two sides agreed to establish a working mechanism for consultation and coordination on border issues […] This (mechanism) will contribute to strengthening our mutual trust and maintaining peace and tranquility in the border areas […] This (the border issue) requires patience and will take a long time […] the most important thing to do is to move forward on the right track, reduce differences step by step, build consensus and build confidence Article 3 of the agreement mentions a “comprehensive solution”. A version of it had already been unofficially put on the table by China in 1981; a comprehensive agreement as opposed to a sector-by-sector agreement. [4] The 2005 agreement had a direct impact on the claims made under the Comprehensive Settlement. [5] According to the agreement, the mechanism will be headed by a “Joint Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of India and a Director-General level official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China and will be composed of diplomatic and military officials.” The working mechanism “will not discuss the resolution of the border issue and will not interfere with the mechanism of special representatives.” [3] British India annexed Assam in northeastern India in 1826 by the Treaty of Yandabo at the end of the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824-1826). After the Ensuing Anglo-Burmese Wars, all of Burma was annexed, giving the British a border with China`s Yunan Province. On October 20, 1975, 4 Indian soldiers were killed in Tulung La in Arunachal Pradesh. [47] [48] According to the Official Statement of the Indian Government, an Assam Rifles patrol, consisting of a non-commissioned officer (non-commissioned officer) and four other soldiers, was attacked by about 40 Chinese soldiers while they were in an area of Indian territory and had been patrolling regularly without incident for years. Four members of the patrol unit were initially reported missing before being confirmed through diplomatic channels that they had been killed by Chinese troops; their bodies were then returned. The Indian government has recorded a strong protest among the Chinese.

[49] In April 2013, referring to its own perception[50] of the location of the Line of Real Control (LAC), India claimed that Chinese troops had established a camp in the Daulat Beg Oldi area, 10 km (6.2 miles) off their side of the Actual Line of Control. This figure was later revised to a claim of 19 km (12 miles). According to Indian media, the incursion involved Chinese military helicopters entering Indian airspace to drop supplies to troops. However, Chinese authorities have denied that there was any intrusion. [51] [52] Soldiers from both countries briefly set up camps on the ill-defined border that faced each other, but tension was defused when both sides withdrew soldiers in early May. [53] In September 2014, India and China experienced a stalemate in the LAC when Indian workers began building a canal in the border village of Demchok in Ladakh and Chinese civilians protested with the support of the military. It ended after about three weeks when both sides agreed to withdraw their troops. [54] The Indian Army claimed that the Chinese army had established a 3 km (1.9 mile) camp in the territory claimed by India. [55] An article on the BBC website indicates that China gains territory with each incursion.

[56] The agreement was signed in New Delhi during a state visit by the Chinese president. This was the first visit by a Chinese president to India. [35] The agreement was opened by a reference to the five principles of peaceful coexistence and the 1993 agreement. [3] The twelve articles make it clear that the agreement is a non-war agreement, that the final solution to the border issue remains in place and that the LAC must be respected. It stipulates that military deployment should be limited and details on how to deal with military exercises, air intrusions, overflights and landings of military aircraft near the ALC […].